Humectant
3-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID
Safety score · 0–100
Fine
Derived from EU CosIng regulatory status, PubChem hazard data and published research. How we score.
About
A small hydroxy acid-related molecule that can help with hydration, but it is not especially gentle in concentrated form.
3-Hydroxybutyric acid is a short-chain hydroxy acid derivative used in some newer cosmetic concepts. Hazard data show irritation potential for skin, eyes, and airways in raw form, so it is not in the ultra-safe humectant class. At low topical use levels it may still be workable, but it deserves more caution than glycerin-style hydrators.
Function
Skin benefits
- May support hydration at low use levels
- May help with skin feel and buffering
Known concerns
- Skin irritation in concentrated form
- Eye irritation
- Can sting compromised skin
References
EU CosIng database
European Commission cosmetic ingredient registry — regulatory status, restrictions, authorised functions.
Related humectants
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This profile is for educational purposes and does not constitute medical advice. Regulatory status and scientific understanding evolve — always read the physical product label and consult a healthcare professional for personal concerns.