4-methylimidazole
Safety score · 0–100
Moderate
Derived from EU CosIng regulatory status, PubChem hazard data and published research. How we score.
About
4-methylimidazole is a cosmetic ingredient used in product formulation. Exercise caution due to limited available safety data.
4-Methylimidazole (4-MI) is a heterocyclic compound that can form during the production of certain food and cosmetic ingredients, particularly caramel colors derived from ammonium compounds. It has been the subject of toxicological review due to its potential carcinogenic effects observed in animal studies. IARC has classified it as Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans). While not explicitly listed in EU Regulation 1223/2009 Annexes, its toxicological profile makes it a substance of concern in cosmetic formulations.
Known concerns
- IARC Group 2B possible carcinogen
- Formation during ingredient manufacturing - requires controls
- Potential for systemic absorption
- Not authorized as cosmetic ingredient
References
EU CosIng database
European Commission cosmetic ingredient registry — regulatory status, restrictions, authorised functions.
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This profile is for educational purposes and does not constitute medical advice. Regulatory status and scientific understanding evolve — always read the physical product label and consult a healthcare professional for personal concerns.