BENZOTRIAZOLE
Safety score · 0–100
Fine
Derived from EU CosIng regulatory status, PubChem hazard data and published research. How we score.
About
Benzotriazole (1,2,3-benzotriazole) is a heterocyclic UV absorber and antimicrobial agent used in cosmetics. It protects against UV radiation but is an EU Annex III restricted substance due to ozone-layer concerns, and it can cause skin sensitization.
Benzotriazole (CAS 95-14-7) is a bicyclic heterocycle (C₆H₅N₃H) that absorbs UV radiation in the UVA (320–400 nm) and UVB (280–320 nm) ranges through the triazole ring's conjugated pi-electron system. It functions as a UV filter and metal corrosion inhibitor. The ozone-depleting restriction likely stems from the industrial manufacturing process (which historically used chlorinated or brominated intermediates) rather than the molecule itself. Benzotriazole is a known skin sensitizer and has been associated with allergic contact dermatitis in occupational settings (photography, metalworking). EU Annex III listing restricts its use in cosmetic products. It is considered moderate toxicity — not acutely dangerous but not benign at high concentrations.
Function
Skin benefits
- UVA and UVB absorption provides sun protection
- Antimicrobial properties support preservation
- Metal ion chelation may benefit product stability
Known concerns
- EU Annex III restricted — limited allowed concentrations
- Known skin sensitizer and potential allergen
- Photosenstization — may cause reactions when combined with UV exposure
- Occupational allergic contact dermatitis reported
- EU ozone-depleting substances regulation applies
References
EU CosIng database
European Commission cosmetic ingredient registry — regulatory status, restrictions, authorised functions.
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This profile is for educational purposes and does not constitute medical advice. Regulatory status and scientific understanding evolve — always read the physical product label and consult a healthcare professional for personal concerns.