Antioxidant
BERGAMOT/GRAPEFRUIT/ORANGE/TANGERINE FRUIT FERMENT EXTRACT
Safety score · 0–100
Fine
Derived from EU CosIng regulatory status, PubChem hazard data and published research. How we score.
About
A fermented citrus blend — bergamot, grapefruit, orange and tangerine. Flavonoid-rich but bergamot bergapten brings a real phototoxicity flag unless FCF-grade.
This ingredient is a ferment extract of four citrus fruits: bergamot (Citrus bergamia), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), orange (Citrus sinensis) and tangerine (Citrus reticulata). Function: antioxidant and fragrance-adjacent skin conditioning. Citrus bergamia is the concern — unpurified bergamot oil contains bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen), a known phototoxic furocoumarin. IFRA restricts bergapten to 0.0015% in leave-on skin products; EU SCCS has issued opinions. Furocoumarin-free (FCF) bergamot is safe, but INCI alone does not disclose grade. The other citruses add limonene and citral — labeled allergens under EU Annex III when above 0.01% leave-on / 0.1% rinse-off.
Function
Skin benefits
- Antioxidant load from citrus flavonoids
- Skin brightening tone perception
- Ferment metabolites add mild conditioning
Known concerns
- Bergamot fruit contains bergapten — phototoxic furocoumarin unless FCF-grade
- Limonene and citral are EU-labeled fragrance allergens
- Potential photosensitivity in leave-on products
References
EU CosIng database
European Commission cosmetic ingredient registry — regulatory status, restrictions, authorised functions.
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This profile is for educational purposes and does not constitute medical advice. Regulatory status and scientific understanding evolve — always read the physical product label and consult a healthcare professional for personal concerns.