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ETHYL PYRROLIDONE

CAS 2687-91-4
38

Safety score · 0–100

Caution

Derived from EU CosIng regulatory status, PubChem hazard data and published research. How we score.

About

A skin-penetrating solvent restricted in EU Annex II cosmetics due to reproductive toxicity concerns from animal studies.

N-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (also called Ethyl Pyrrolidone) is a aprotic polar solvent with good skin-penetration properties. It is listed in EU Annex II under entry II/1562 in Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009, restricting its use in cosmetic products. Studies in rodents have shown developmental toxicity at high doses, which drove its classification. While it is not outright banned at all concentrations in all product types, its use is specifically regulated due to reproductive and developmental toxicity concerns.

Skin benefits

  • Acts as a solvent and penetration enhancer in formulations

Known concerns

  • EU Annex II restricted (II/1562) due to developmental/reproductive toxicity
  • Animal studies show developmental toxicity at high doses
  • Skin penetration enhancer may increase absorption of other ingredients

References

EU

EU CosIng database

European Commission cosmetic ingredient registry — regulatory status, restrictions, authorised functions.

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This profile is for educational purposes and does not constitute medical advice. Regulatory status and scientific understanding evolve — always read the physical product label and consult a healthcare professional for personal concerns.