Skin Conditioning
MELITTIN
Safety score · 0–100
Caution
Derived from EU CosIng regulatory status, PubChem hazard data and published research. How we score.
About
The main toxin in honeybee venom — a 26-amino-acid peptide that disrupts cell membranes. Intentionally inflammatory, with real allergy risk; not a gentle ingredient.
Melittin (CAS 20449-79-0) is a cationic 26-amino-acid peptide that makes up around 50% of honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom dry weight. It is a potent cytolytic agent: it inserts into phospholipid bilayers and forms pores, triggers mast-cell degranulation, releases histamine, and activates phospholipase A2. These actions are the basis of the pain, swelling and redness of bee stings. In cosmetics, melittin appears in niche "bee venom" skincare, where the inflammatory micro-response is used to claim anti-ageing or firming effects. There is no CIR or SCCS opinion on cosmetic melittin, and no large-scale safety data for topical leave-on use. Anyone with a bee venom allergy is at risk of severe local or systemic reaction — the ingredient should be avoided in those populations.
Function
Skin benefits
- Potent antimicrobial peptide activity in vitro
- Some research interest in anti-ageing formulations
- Claimed skin-tightening via inflammatory signalling
Known concerns
- Main active component of bee venom — intrinsically inflammatory
- Causes mast-cell degranulation and histamine release
- Serious risk of allergic/anaphylactic reaction in bee-allergic users
- Limited independent safety data for topical leave-on use
- Effect profile is deliberately irritant
References
EU CosIng database
European Commission cosmetic ingredient registry — regulatory status, restrictions, authorised functions.
Related skin conditionings
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This profile is for educational purposes and does not constitute medical advice. Regulatory status and scientific understanding evolve — always read the physical product label and consult a healthcare professional for personal concerns.