Fragrance
MUSK R1
Safety score · 0–100
Caution
Derived from EU CosIng regulatory status, PubChem hazard data and published research. How we score.
About
A nitro-musk-family fragrance fixative. Class has serious environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and photosensitization concerns; largely phased out.
Musk R1 (CAS 3391-83-1) is a nitro-musk family fragrance ingredient (closely related to musk tibetene / polynitro aromatic musks). This class has been progressively restricted in EU cosmetics (Annex II lists musk ambrette, musk tibetene; others face IFRA restrictions or phase-out) due to phototoxicity, neurotoxicity signals in animal studies, bioaccumulation, and environmental persistence. Modern perfumery has shifted to polycyclic and macrocyclic musks with better toxicological profiles.
Function
Skin benefits
- Musky fragrance character (historic)
Known concerns
- Class-wide regulatory restrictions
- Environmental persistence
- Phototoxicity signals
- Bioaccumulation
References
EU CosIng database
European Commission cosmetic ingredient registry — regulatory status, restrictions, authorised functions.
Related fragrances
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This profile is for educational purposes and does not constitute medical advice. Regulatory status and scientific understanding evolve — always read the physical product label and consult a healthcare professional for personal concerns.